Investigation Nature-Inspired Strategies Attendance in Iranian Architectural Works during the Second Pahlavi Era

Abstract

The study of architectural principles in different periods shows that nature has always played a significant role in architectural styles and human life. It is also possible to find a deep relationship between the salient features of society in the formation of architectural identity in the context of nature. Therefore, finding and investigating the relationship between architecture and nature's presence over time and how to use nature-inspired design strategies in architecture indicates the need for this research. This study aimed to study nature's attendance in some landmark works of the second Pahlavi era, to identify different approaches to looking at nature, its use, and the reasons for its emergence. The research was carried out with qualitative methods in two main sections: Step 1: Theoretical analysis to identify and classify the sociopolitical developments during the second Pahlavi Era, the key elements of natural strategies, and nature strategies attendance in architecture. Step 2: Use logical reasoning and a case study to determine the attendance of nature strategies, architectural layers, and systems, and the new discourses in the second Pahlavi Era. The studied superior architectural works have been selected based on the possibility of access to the necessary documents for data analysis. After presenting the research methodology, it develops the theoretical foundations of the research and then investigates the concept of nature and how it is present in the architecture of the second Pahlavi period. In the second Pahlavi period, the spread of modernism, political and structural changes in government, and the changing needs of society paved the way for explaining new discourses. These discourses are manifested in the form of traditionalism, historicism, and modernism. In this period, the manifestation of nature has been witnessed in different forms in architecture, which means that in 1941, the secondary appearance and especially the abstractive appearance was considered. But over time and in the years 1943 to 1952, the attention of architects has been drawn to the original appearance of nature, and the use of natural elements in a pristine form. This special attention to the primary appearance of nature continued until 1970. In the years 1970 to 1979, we see nature's secondary appearance becoming more prominent in architectural works.